The core of relapse prevention is to strengthen the capability to manage high-risk situations (e.g., cue-induced cravings ). High relapse rates indicate that quitting smoking is a major challenge. Despite the knowledge about the negative consequences of smoking, in 2016 every fourth person aged 15 and older smoked in Switzerland. Additionally, smoking is an important risk factor for serious health problems and life-threatening diseases such as lung cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke. Smokers who smoke approximately 16 cigarettes per day lose about 11 min of their lifetime per cigarette smoked. Smoking remains one of the leading preventable causes of premature death worldwide. This trial was prospectively registered on at ISRCTNregistry: ISRCTN11154315. Opportunities and challenges with running studies with smoking participants and certain design-related decisions are discussed. This is the first study examining the effectiveness of a smoking cessation mobile intervention using the SmokeFree Buddy app compared to a control group in a real-life setting around a self-set quit date using a portable objective measure to assess smoking abstinence. The primary outcome measures are daily self-reported and objectively-assessed smoking abstinence and secondary outcome measures are daily self-reported number of cigarettes smoked. Six months after the self-set quit date a follow-up diary for three consecutive days takes place. They subsequently participate in an end-of-day diary phase from 7 days before and until 20 days after a self-set quit date. All participants fill out a baseline diary for three consecutive days and are invited to the lab for a background assessment. In addition, the intervention group is instructed to use the SmokeFree Buddy app, a multicomponent app that also facilitates smoking-cessation specific social support from a buddy over a smartphone application. Both intervention and control group use a smartphone-compatible device for measuring their daily smoking behavior objectively via exhaled carbon monoxide. Blocking as means of group-balanced randomization is used to allocate participants to intervention or control conditions. Participants of this study are adult smokers who smoke at least one cigarette per day and intend to quit smoking at a self-set quit date. This protocol describes the design of a single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, intensive longitudinal randomized controlled trial. This randomized controlled trial investigates the effectiveness of a smartphone app in which smokers quit smoking with the help of a social network member. The social context of smokers has, however, been neglected in smartphone apps promoting smoking cessation. Smartphone apps offer new promising opportunities for supporting smoking cessation in real-time. Tobacco smoking remains one of the biggest public health threats.
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